History of the Development of the Internet in the World

The Internet

is a computer network established by the U.S. Department of Defense in 1969, through a project called ARPANET ARPA (Advanced Research Project Agency Network), where they demonstrated how the computer hardware and software based on UNIX, we can make communication within the infinity through the telephone line.

History of the Internet began in 1969 when the Department of Defense, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) decided to conduct research on how to connect a computer to form an organic network. This research program known as the ARPANET.

In 1970, already more than 10 computers were successfully connected to each other so that they can communicate with each other and form a network. In 1972, Roy Tomlinson managed to complete the e-mail that he was created a year ago for the ARPANET. E-mail program is so easy that instantly became popular.

In the same year, was also introduced as an icon @ important symbol that shows the "at" or "on". In 1973, ARPANET computer network were developed outside the United States. Computer University College in London, was the first computer that is outside the United States who are members of Arpanet network. In the same year, two computer experts that Vinton Cerf and Bob Kahn presented a bigger idea, which became the forerunner of the Internet thinking. This idea was presented for the first time at the University of Sussex.

Historic day following the date of March 26, 1976, when the Queen of England managed to send an e-mail from the Royal Signals and Radar Establishment at Malvern. A year later, more than 100 computers on the ARPANET joined to form a network or network. In 1979, Tom Truscott, Jim Ellis, and Steve Bellovin, created the first newsgroups called USENET. In 1981 France Telecom created a buzz by launching the first television telephone, where people can call each other while dealing with the video link.

Because the computers that make up the network increasingly, it needed a formal protocol that is recognized by all networks. In 1982 established the Transmission Control Protocol or TCP and Internet Protocol or IP that we know it all. Meanwhile in Europe appear counter computer network known as Eunet, which provides computer network services in the countries of the Netherlands, England, Denmark and Sweden. Eunet network providing e-mail and USENET newsgroups.

For a uniform address existing computer network, then in 1984 introduced the domain name system, which we are now familiar with DNS or Domain Name System. Computers connected to the already existing network of more than 1000 computers more. In 1987 the number of computers connected to the network soared 10-fold manjadi 10,000 more. In 1988, Jarko Oikarinen of Finland discovered and simultaneously introduce the IRC or Internet Relay Chat. A year later, the number of interconnected computers soared 10-fold return in a year. No fewer than 100,000 computers are now forming a network.

1990 is the year of the most historic, when Tim Berners Lee to find a program editor and browser that bias roam from one computer to another computer, which form a network. The program is called www, or Worl Wide Web. In 1992, the computers that are connected to form the network has exceeded a million computers, and in the same year the term surfing the internet. In 1994, the website has grown to 3000 pages address, and for the first time in a virtual-shopping or e-retail surfaced on the internet. The world changed. In the same year, Yahoo! was founded, which is also well-born Netscape Navigator 1.0.

Current Internet

Internet is maintained by bi-or multilateral agreements and technical specifications (protocol which describes the data transfer between the circuit). These protocols are established based on conversations Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), which is open to the public. The agency issued a document known as RFC (Request for Comments). Some RFCs are Internet standards (Internet Standard), the Internet Architecture Board (Internet Architecture Board - IAB). Internet protocols are commonly used are IP, TCP, UDP, DNS, PPP, SLIP, ICMP, POP3, IMAP, SMTP, HTTP, HTTPS, SSH, Telnet, FTP, LDAP, and SSL. Some of the popular services on the Internet that use these protocols is to email / mail, Usenet, Newsgroups, share files (File Sharing), WWW (World Wide Web), Gopher, session access (Session Access), WAIS, finger, IRC, MUD, and Mush. Among all of these, email / electronic mail and the World Wide Web more often used, and many other services are built upon them, such as mailing lists (Mailing List) and Weblog. The Internet allows the current service (real-time service), such as web radio, and webcast, which can be accessed around the world. Also through the Internet it is possible to communicate directly between two or more users through instant messenger programs such as Camfrog, Pidgin (Gaim), Trilian, Kopete, Yahoo! Messenger, MSN Messenger and Windows Live Messenger. Some of the popular Internet services are based on a closed system (Proprietary System), is like IRC, ICQ, AIM, CDDB, and Gnutella.

Internet culture

A large number of Internet users and growing, have realized the Internet culture. The Internet also has a great influence on science, and worldview. Through keyword-driven search engines such as Google, users worldwide have easy access to the Internet on a variety of information. Compared with books and libraries, the Internet represents (Decentralization) / knowledge (knowledge) information and data in the extreme. The development of the Internet has also influenced economic development. Various sale and purchase transactions that previously could only be done by face-to-face (and some very small by mail or telephone), is now very easy and is often done via the Internet.

Transactions over the Internet is known as e-commerce. Related to governance, the Internet also fueled the growth of government transparency in the implementation of e-government as Sragen which succeeded in delivering enhanced scalability by leveraging the Internet to the area of transparency of public funds and trimming the bureaucracy, so that residents in the area on the stretcher so profitable as the civil servants could also be improved kesejahterannya as regional income rises sharply.

Codes of conduct for Internet

Just as a community, the Internet also has a certain order, which is known as Nettiquette or in the Indonesian language known as netiquette. For in Indonesia besides social order also imposed regulations on the Internet (UU ITE).

Moral issues and legislation

There are communities vacillation on the Internet that culminates in some controversial material in it. Copyright infringement, pornography, identity theft, and hate speech (hate speech), is a common and difficult to maintain. By 2007, Indonesia still has Cyberlaw, whereas academic draft bill Cyberlaw been discussed since 2000 by the Directorate General of Post and Telecommunication and the Ministry. Extant laws related to information technology and telecommunications are the Telecommunications Act of 1999. Internet is also blamed by some people for being a cause of death. Brandon Vedas died of drug use that goes beyond the spirit of friends chatting IRCnya. Shawn Woolley committed suicide because of an addiction to online games, Everquest. Brandes was stabbed killed, and eaten by Armin Meiwes after answering an ad on the Internet.


Internet access

Countries with the best Internet access, including South Korea (50% instead of the population has access jalurlebar - Broadband), and Sweden. There are two common forms of Internet access, the dial-up, and jalurlebar. In Indonesia, as a developing country where access to the Internet and PC penetration is high enough on the Internet capacity is cheap and inexpensive netbooks, only operator in Indonesia less fair in pricing and there is even one of the operators who deliberately create a "trap trap" in order that the Internet users to pay for more expensive air-million million dollars!!, the other about 42% of Internet access through public facilities such as wireless Internet cafe, cybercafes, etc. hotspot. Other public areas are often used for Internet access are on campus and in the office.

Besides using a PC (Personal Computer), we can also access the Internet via mobile phones (HP) to use facilities called GPRS (General Packet Radio Service). GPRS is a wireless communication standard (wireless) that has a connection speed of 115 kbps and supports the wider application (graphics and multimedia). GPRS technology is accessible to support the facility. Pen-setting of GPRS on mobile Depending operators (Telkomsel, Indosat, XL, 3) is used. Internet access charges calculated by the amount of capacity (per-kilobite) downloaded.