History Hacker and Cracker

Rabu, 20 Maret 2013


Hacker emerged in the early 1960s among the members of student organizations Tech Model Railroad Club at the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). The student group is one of the pioneering developments in computer technology and they operate with a mainframe computer. The word hacker first appeared with a positive sense to refer to a member who has expertise in the field of computers and be able to create a computer program that is better than what has been designed together. Later in 1983, growing hacker analogy to refer to someone who has an obsession to understand and master the computer system. Because, in that year for the first time the FBI caught 414s computer criminal groups based in the U.S. Milwaukee. 414 is their local area code. The group that came to be called hackers are convicted of burglary 60 computers, from computers owned by Cancer Center Memorial Sloan-Kettering's computer to Los Alamos National Laboratory. One of the perpetrators enjoy immunity because TESTIMONIALS, while five other players get probation.


Then on the next development comes another group that mention themselves hackers, but it's not. They are (especially the men) who got the satisfaction of breaking through a computer and telephone outsmart (phreaking). Real hackers call these people 'crackers' and do not like to hang out with them. Real hackers crackers as people are lazy, do not
responsible, and not too smart. Real hackers do not agree to say that the person through the security has become a hacker.

The hackers had a meeting once a year that is held every mid-July in Las Vegas. Arena of the world's largest hacker gathering is called Def Con. Def Con event to event is more exchange of information and technology related to hacking activities.

Understanding Hackers and Crackers

1. Hacker

Hacker is a term for those who provide a useful contribution to the computer network, creating a small program and share it with people on the Internet. For example: digigumi (Digital Group) is a group specializing engaged in gaming and computers. Digigumi uses hexadecimal techniques to change the text contained in the game. For example, English-speaking game Chrono Trigger can be converted into Indonesian. Therefore, the status Digigumi are hackers, but not as a destroyer. Hacker here means, to seek, learn and change something for hobby purposes and development according legality set by the game developers. The hackers usually do the incursions with the intention of satisfying the knowledge and techniques. Average - the average company in the world of global networks (the Internet) also has a hacker. His job is to keep the network from possible destruction outsiders "cracker", a network of possible test pit into the cracker opportunities tear - tear apart the network, for example: insurance and auditing company "Price Waterhouse". He has a team of hackers called the Tiger Team. They work for their client to test security systems.

2. Cracker

Cracker is a term for those who go into other people's systems and crackers more destructive, usually on a computer network, bypasses passwords or licenses computer programs, deliberately against computer security, download deface (change the web home page) belong to other people even up to delete other people's data, steal data and general cracking to his own advantage, malice, or for other reasons as there are challenges. Some of the piercing done to show the weakness of security of the system.

Hierarchy / Level Hacker

1. Elite

Characteristics: in the operating system understands, able to configure and connect a global network, perform programming every day, efficient and skilled, uses knowledge rightly, does not destroy data, and always follow the rules. Elite level is often referred to as the 'temperature'.

2. Semi Elite

Characteristics: younger elite, have the ability and extensive knowledge of computers, understand the operating system (including holes), the ability of the program is enough to change the program exploits.

3. Developed Kiddie

Characteristics: young age (ABG) and still in school, they read about the methods of hacking and how on various occasions, tried different systems to ultimately succeed and proclaimed victory to another, generally still use Graphic User Interface (GUI) and just learn the basic of UNIX without being able to find a hole new weakness in the operating system.

4. Script Kiddie

Characteristics: as well as developed kiddie Lamers, they only have the technical knowledge networking very minimal, not separated from the GUI, hacking carried out using a trojan to frighten and distress of life most Internet users.

5. Lamer

Characteristics: no experience & knowledge but want to be a hacker so lamer often referred to as a 'wanna-be' hacker, use their computers mainly to play games, IRC, exchange prirate software, stealing credit cards, hacking using Trojan software , nuke DoS, likes to brag via IRC channels, and so on. Because many shortcomings to achieve elite, in their development will only reach the level of developed or script kiddie kiddie course.

Cracker has no specific hierarchy because it is just dismantle and destroy.

Code Hackers

1. Being able to access your computer and the infinite totality.

2. All information must be FREE.

3. Do not believe in authority, means extending decentralization.

4. Do not use a false identity, as a silly pseudonym, age, position, etc..

5. Being able to create beauty in the computer art.

6. Computers can change your life for the better.

7. The work that is done solely for the sake of the truth of the information to be transmitted.

8. Not uphold the commitment to defend the economic dominance of industry specific software.

9. Hacking is the majority of weapons in the fight against the encroachment of computer technology.

10. Both Hacking and Phreaking is the only other way to disseminate information to the masses so that no stuttering in the computer.

Cracker does not have any codes.

Rules of Play Hacker

An overview on the rules that should follow a hacker as described by Scorpio, namely:

· Above all, respect the knowledge and freedom of information.

· Inform the system administrator that there is a security breach / security holes that you see.

· Do not take unfair advantage of the hack.

• Not distribute and collect the pirated software.

· Never take foolish risks - always know their own abilities.

· Always willing to be open / free / free inform and teach a variety of information and methods available.

· Never hack a system to steal the money.

· Never give access to someone who will make mischief.

· Never knowingly remove and destroy files on the hacked computer.

· Respect the hacked machine, and treats him like his own machine.

Real hackers will always act based on the code of ethics and rules of the game was a cracker does not have a code of ethics or rules of the game because crackers are destructive.

Difference between Hackers and Crackers


Hearing the word hacker, surely many of us who feel hate, why??
Surely you know yourself ...
Many of us who mis-Hacker, ordinary people often assume that the term hacker and cracker is the SAME.
The connotation is almost always negative and nasty. In fact, there are among hackers who contributed great for saving or warn of a system on the Internet, so sipemilik aware of his weaknesses.

~ Here is
understanding of hackers and crackers:


>> Hacker is a term for a person or group of people who provide a useful contribution to the world of networking and operating systems, a program for world aid and computer networks. Hackers can also categorize the job is done to look for the weaknesses of a system and provide ideas or opinions that can fix the flaws in the system temukannya.
>> Cracker is a term for people who are looking for system weaknesses and entered it for personal gain and profit of the cluster system such as data theft, removal, and many others.
 

>> Hacker:
1. Having the ability to analyze the weaknesses of a system or site. For example: if a hacker trying to test a web site's content is certainly not going to fall apart and disturb others. Usually hackers reported this incident to be fixed to be perfect. Even a hacker will provide input and suggestions that could improve system conceded that he entered.
2. Hackers have ethical and creative in designing a useful program for anyone.
3. A hacker is not stingy share his knowledge to the people serious in the name of science and virtue.
4. A hacker will always deepen their knowledge and increase understanding of the operating system.

Cracker >>:
1. Being able to create a program for the benefit of himself and destructive or destructive and make a profit. As
example: Virus, Credit Card Theft, Warez Code, Bank Account Burglary, Theft E-mail/Web Password Server.
2. Can stand alone or in a group to act.
3. Having a website or hidden in IRC channels,
only certain people can access it.
4. Having an IP address that can not be traced.
5. The case most often is that Carding Card Theft
Credit, then the piercing site and change everything in it to be a mess. For example: Yahoo! never experienced anything like this so it can be accessed in a long time, the case klikBCA.com the most hotly discussed some time ago.

>> There are several kinds of hacking activities, such as: Social Hacking, you need to know: what information about the system used by the server, who owns the server, the administrator who manages the server, what type of connection used and how the server is connected to the Internet, use Who connection and any information provided by the server, if the server is also connected to the LAN in an organization and other information.

Technical >> Hacking, is a technical measure to make incursions into the system, either with the tool (tool) or by using the system's own facilities that are used to attack the weaknesses (security hole) contained in the system or service. The core of this activity is to gain full access to the system in any way and any how.

>> So the conclusion that can be drawn Hacker 'good' is a
knowing what
doing, realize the whole
a result of what
committed, and responsible for what he did.
While hackers
the 'evil' or so-called cracker is a person who knew what he was doing, but are often not aware of the consequences of his actions. And he did not want to take responsibility for what is known and done it. Since the hacker is a person who knows the ketahuannya, in the world of course there are ethical hackers that must be met and complied with.
Further on Cracker,

>> Cracker is a person who seeks to penetrate the computer systems of others or through another person's computer security system to profit or commit a crime.
This is what distinguishes it from hackers.

> The working principle of hackers and crackers are actually the same. What distinguishes them is the goal. In terms of ability, crackers and hackers are also not much different.
But crackers often have more knowledge and courage and recklessness okay greater than hackers.

But in terms of mentality and integrity, both much different.
Ok, I hope the above explanation can be useful and add your knowledge to be able to distinguish what is good and what is evil.

Types of Wireless devices


Wireless technology gets attention around the world and in our country, it may be the answer dijangka the broadband access problem is very low. To connect humans and machines, in addition to 3G which is a technology for high data series berkelajuan ° Based bimbit phone, there is also WiFi or WLAN (wireless local area circuit) which is a series of computer technology use wireles ° Based IEEE 802.11 standard. WiMax technology is also said to be the latest wayarles sue greatness kerana 3G coverage and speed of the circuit capability. WiMax is said to be held so that the coverage for 50 yards with boarders at a much lower versus 3G.

However, what is hot this is discussed in the broadband wireless technology which is said to increase the penetration levels of broadband users in the country

Perceived that the implementation of broadband using ADSL technology that uses a cable that requires time and a boarding high to be implemented fully, it actually wireles technology may be a viable alternative today.

3G
Stands for the high-tech mobile communications berkelajuan emerging third generation after 1G (1980) and 2G (1990). 3G allows users to enjoy multimedia and offer performance advantages to the Internet so that 2 megabait momentary lag (2Mbps).
3G mobile technology is a continuation of GSM dipertingkatkan bimbit began to GPRS, EDGE and beyond 3G (WCDMA). However, it is a platform with new technology versus GSM available there.
Perceived that implementation is also a bit slow in this country and terhad, then 3G is also an uncertain able to solve a broadband digital divide in the country.

WiFi
In connection, the wireless technology pengkomputeran such as WiFi (Wireless Fidelity) got perhatian.Misalnya, despite having lesen 3G, telecom Syarikat Syarikat-like Maxis and Celcom have also shown a high interest in WiFi technology to introduce one by one perkhidmatan hotspots across the country .
WiFi or WLAN technologies use standard 802.11b has a speed of 11 Mbps with coverage transaction so 90 meters. When, ° Based WLAN 802.11a 54Mbps but the pace has closer coverage versus 802.11b). The latest WLAN technologies are entering the market is the product ° Based 802.11g (combine both functions 802.11b and 802.11a). Interests and populariti WiFi can not be denied. According to IDC, there are some 480 hotspots (WiFi access to the public) in 2006 and continued to rise throughout the country.

WiMax
For WiMax anyway, he has the ability to accommodate a data transmission speed of between 15 and 75 Mbps will make it the preferred technology of the future. He however will not be mencabar 3G or WiFi directly kerana they awakened to complement each other.
As WiFi is used to connect devices or computers in the home or its officers, WiMax also be used to connect a WiFi circuits in a wide area. When, 3G WiMax is also a liaison to the rest of the country and the world.
Actual WiMAX wireless technology for connecting end (last mile) circuit within the category of the Metro area (WAN) kerana have the ability to contact so that a distance of 50 kilometers, versus WiFi (so 90 meters). Of course with a gandingan 3G mobile technology with the ability to sequence bimbit wayarles wide area (WWAN), WiFi and WiMax will be able to play a more important role in increasing levels of broadband penetration countries.

CIRCUITS WIRELESS
* WPAN (the series peribadi WIRELESS) for short range communication such as Bluetooth (802.15.1) with a speed of 110-480 Mbps.

* WiFi or WLAN (wireless local area circuit) is a communication to any area within 100 meters with a speed of 15-54 Mbps.

* WiMax or WMAN (wireless metro area circuit) communication that 50 miles at a pace of 15-75 Mbps

* 3G/WCDMA or WWAN (wireless remote region series) for long distance communication (including global) at a pace that 2 Mbps.

Definition and history of Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity)



Wireless FidelityKaitkata: acess point, band, cafe, frequency, hot spots, Hz, Internet, computer, laptop, Know, pc, specifications, wiring tanpoa, Transfers, Wifi, Wireless 0
Wi-Fi is short for Wireless Fidelity, which has a standard set of terms that are used for Wireless Local Networks (Wireless Local Area Networks - WLAN) based on the IEEE 802.11 specification. The latest standard of 802.11a or b specifications, such as 802.11 g, is currently in preparation, the latest specification will offer much improved from a more extensive coverage far as transfer speed. Wi-Fi not only be used for internet access, Wi-Fi can also be used to create wireless networks in the enterprise. Because of that many people associate with the Wi-Fi œKebebasanâ â € €? because the Wi-Fi technology gives the freedom to the users to access the internet or transfer data from the meeting room, hotel rooms, college campuses, and cafà ©-marked Cafà © â € œWi-Fi Hot Spotâ €?. Originally Wi-Fi is intended for use wireless devices, and Local Area Network (LAN), but now more widely used to access the Internet. This allows anyone with a computer with a wireless card (wireless card) or personal digital assistant (PDA) to connect to the internet using access point (or hotspot known) nearby.

Specification

Wi-Fi is designed based on the IEEE 802.11 specification. Today there are four variations of the 802.11, namely: 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, and 802.11n. Specifications b is the first Wi-Fi product. Variations g and n is one product that has the most sales in 2005.
Specifications Wi-Fi
Specifications Frequency Speed
Suitable Band
with
802.11b 11 Mb / s 2.4 GHz B
802.11a 54 Mb / s 5 GHz A
802.11g 54 Mb / s 2.4 GHz b, g
802.11n 100 Mb / s 2.4 GHz b, g, n
Technically operational, Wi-Fi is one of the variants of communication and information technology that works on the network and device WLAN (wireless local area network). In other words, Wi-Fi is a trademark certification granted to telecommunications equipment manufacturers (internet) working in a WLAN network and interoperates capacity meets the required quality.
Internet technology-based Wi-Fi is built and developed a group of engineers who worked on the United States Institute of Electrical and Electronis Engineers (IEEE) technical standard based devices numbered 802.11b, 802.11a and 802.16. Wi-Fi device is not only able to work on WLAN networks, but also in tissue Wireless Metropolitan Area Network (WMAN).
Due to the technical standard 802.11b WLAN devices intended for use in the 2.4 GHz frequency or commonly known as ISM (Industrial, Scientific and edical). Moderate technical standards for devices intended for 802.11a and 802.16 WMAN devices or also called Wi-Max, which works around the 5 GHz frequency band.

Excess Wi-fi

The high interest of people-especially among the Internet community-use Wi-Fi technology because at least two factors.
1) ease of access. This means that users in one area can access the Internet simultaneously without having to bother with cables.
2) users who want to surf or browse news and information on the Internet, simply bring the PDA (pocket digital assistance) or Wi-Fi enabled laptop to a place where there is an access point or hotspot.
The proliferation of hotspots in such places, built by telecommunication carriers, Internet service providers and even individuals-triggered second factor, which is due to the relatively low construction costs or only around 300 dollars U.S.. Also one of the advantages of Wi-Fi is the speed is several times faster than the fastest cable modem. So Wi-Fi users no longer have to be in the office to work

Wi-Fi Hardware

Hardware wi-fi available in the market today there be
Wi-fi in the form of PCI Wi-fi in the form of USB
There are 2 modes of access to Wi-Fi, which is
Ad-Hoc
This connection mode is the mode where multiple computers are connected directly, or better known as Peer-to-Peer. The advantage, cheaper and more practical when connected only 2 or 3 computers, without having to buy an access point
Infrastructure
Using the Access Point that serves as a regulator of the data traffic, allowing many Client can be connected through a network (Network).

Weakness on wifi

Easily dihacking by hackers to steal user passwords wi-fi
How are the following:
First we must know the difference between the Hub and Switch:
* On a network hub all data flowing on the network can be viewed / picked up by any computer on the network computer asalakan requesting the data, if not requested ya will not come.
* In the computer network switches only exchange data to see the data, others are not entitled komputer2 requesting data.
The problem is the price of routers hubs and switches do not vary much so most places are now using the switch that makes it difficult for network hacking.